Istilah-Istilah Dalam Navigasi

AIS

Automatic Identification System

AMVER

Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue System: a worldwide voluntary system operated exclusively to support SAR and to make information available to all RCCs

ARCS

Admiralty Raster Chart Service: electronic raster charts produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

ARPA

Automatic Radar Plotting Aid

ASF

Additional Secondary Factor: corrections to be applied when plotting Loran C positions on charts to take into account variations in the conductivity of the earth’s surface over which the signals pass

ATA

Automatic Tracking Aid: electronic plotting device or radars

CES

Coast Earth Station: maritime name for an INMARSAT shore-based station linking ship earth tations with terrestrial communication networks

COLREGS

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, as amended

COSPAS-SARSAT

A satellite system designed to detect distress beacons transmitting on the frequency 406 MHz

DATUM

A datum is a reference system for specifying positions on the earth’s surface. Each datum is associated with a particular reference spheroid that can be different in size, orientation and relative position from the spheroids associated with other horizontal datums. Positions referred to different datums can differ by several hundred metres

DGPS

Differential Global Positioning System (see GNSS)

DOC

Document of Compliance issued to the ship operator under the ISM Code

DP

Dynamic Positioning: the ability of a ship to maintain automatically a pre-set position and heading by using her own propellers and thrusters

DPO

Dynamic Positioning Operator, usually a bridge watchkeeper

DSC

Digital Selective Calling: a technique using digital codes which enable a radio station to establish contact with, and transfer information to, another station or group of stations

EBL

Electronic Bearing Line: a radar feature

ECDIS

Electronic Chart Display and Information System

ECS

Electronic Chart System

EGC

Enhanced Group Call: part of the INMARSAT system that complements the NAVTEX system to supply SafetyNET and similar information broadcast services

ENC

Electronic Navigational Chart

EP

Estimated Position

EPA

Electronic Plotting Aid: electronic plotting device for radars

EPIRB

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon: a device that transmits distress alerting signals usually via satellites

FPSO/FGSO

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading/Floating Gas Storage Offloading ship/vessel or unit: an oil/gas production facility

GLONASS

Global Navigation Satellite System (see GNSS)

GMDSS

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System: a global communications service based upon automated systems, both satellite and terrestrial, to provide distress alerting and promulgation of maritime safety information for mariners

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System: a worldwide position and time determination system that includes one or more satellite constellations and receivers

GOC

General Operator’s Certificate: a GMDSS radio operator’s certificate for use on ships trading beyond GMDSS Sea Area A1. This is now usually incorporated into the STCW qualifications of deck officers at the operational level.

GPS

Global Positioning System (see GNSS)

HF

High Frequency

HPR

Hydroacoustic Position Reference: a PRS often used in conjunction with DP, configured with sea-floor acoustic transponders

IAMSAR

International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual: published in three volumes jointly by ICAO and IMO

IBS

Integrated Bridge System

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization: Montreal based United Nations intergovernmental body

IHO

International Hydrographic Organization: Monaco based intergovernmental body

ILO

International Labour Organization: Geneva based United Nations intergovernmental body, responsible for seafarers’ employment standards

IMO

International Maritime Organization: London based United Nations intergovernmental body, responsible for the safety of life at sea, including navigational rules, and the protection of the marine environment

NAVTEX

Telegraphy system for broadcasting marine weather forecasts, navigational warnings, SAR alerts and other warnings and urgent information to ships in coastal waters (up to 400 nautical miles) under the WWNWS

NBDP

Narrow-Band Direct Printing telegraphy used for radiotelex and NAVTEX

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: United States producer of electronic raster charts

OOW

Officer of the Watch

PRS

Position Reference System: a navigational sensor (e.g. DGPS) used in conjunction with a DP system

RCC

Rescue Co-ordination Centre: a unit responsible for promoting the efficient organisation of SAR services and for co-ordinating the conduct of SAR operations within a SAR region

RCDS

Raster Chart Display System

RENC

Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Co-ordinating Centre: supplier of official chart data

RNC

Raster Navigational Chart

ROC

Restricted Operator’s Certificate: a GMDSS radio operator’s certificate for use on ships trading only in GMDSS Sea Area A1 R/T Radio Telephony S-57 Edition 3 IHO’s latest transfer standard for digital hydrographic data for use with ECDIS

SafetyNET

INMARSAT service for promulgating MSI to ships on the high seas; it includes shore-to-ship relays of distress alerts and communications for SAR co-ordination

SAR

Search and Rescue/International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, as amended

SART

Search and Rescue Transponder: a portable radar transponder for use in survival craft, which transmits homing signals in the 9 GHz band

SENC

System Electronic Navigational Chart: a database that comprises ENC data, ENC updates and other data added by the mariner that is accessed by, and displayed on, the ECDIS

SES

Ship Earth Station: shipborne satellite communication station, used for exchanging messages with shore subscribers and ships

SMCP

Standard Marine Communication Phrases: an updated version of SMNV that includes phrases that have been developed to cover the most important safety-related fields of verbal communications

SMNV

Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary: adopted by IMO for communications on board ship as well as for those between ship and shore

SMPEP

Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan

SMS

Safety Management System under the ISM Code

SOLAS

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended

SOPEP

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan

STCW

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended STCW Code Seafarers’ Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code, appended to the STCW Convention

S-VDR

Simplified Voyage Data Recorder

TMC

Transmitting Magnetic Compass

UMS

Unmanned Machinery Space

VDR

Voyage Data Recorder

VRM

Variable Range Marker: a radar feature

VTS

Vessel Traffic Services

WEND

World Electronic Navigational Chart Database

WGS84

World Geodetic System 1984 datum

WMO

World Meteorological Organization: Geneva based United Nations intergovernmental body

WWNWS

World-Wide Navigational Warning Service: established by IMO in collaboration with IHO for the dissemination of navigational warnings to ships

WWRNS

World-Wide Radio Navigation System: terrestrial and satellite radio-navigation systems that have been accepted by IMO as capable of providing adequate position information to an unlimited number of ships

XTE

Cross Track Error